Negative Book Value Per Share (BVPS)

Is it possible for a company to have a negative book value per share? Book value is the net worth of a company. It is the difference between what it owns and what it owes. The book value per share is basically this total divided by the number of shares outstanding in the company. Negative book value per share means that if you were to buy all the shares, combine them into one big pile, and sell them at market price, you would get less than you paid for them. Why might a company have a negative book value per share? find out more about the reasons and meaning of a negative BVPS.

What is book value per share?

Book value per share is the portion of a company’s equity that is allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. The book value per share formula is calculated by subtracting a company’s total liabilities from its total assets and then dividing by the number of shares outstanding. A company may have a positive or negative book value per share.

Simply put, it’s the value of a company’s assets minus its liabilities; that is, the total equity of a company divided by the number of shares outstanding. In other words, book value per share is the amount of money that would be left over if a company sold all of its assets and paid off all of its liabilities. Book values are typically calculated at the end of each fiscal year, and they can be found on a company’s balance sheet.

What is a good book value per share?

There is no “good” book value per share, as it depends on the individual company’s financial situation. A high book value per share means that the company’s assets are worth more than its liabilities, and vice versa. A low book value per share can be an indication that the company is overvalued by the market, or that it has a lot of debt.
However, investors often look at the price-to-book ratio to see if a stock is undervalued or overvalued.

Reasons for a negative book value per share

Book value per share calculation is used by financial analysts to compare the book value of a company at one time to the market price. If a company has a negative book value per share, does this mean that there are problems with the company, or does it just mean that the current market value of their stocks is higher than what they’re worth?

Debt can cause a negative book value per share
Too much debt can cause a negative book value per share for a company

Common reasons for a negative book value per share

  1. A company has more debt than equity. This means that the company owes more to creditors or shareholders than it is worth; the company’s liabilities exceed its assets. Such companies are in poor financial condition and may ultimately be liquidated.
  2. Another reason for a negative book value per share could be that the company has been losing money for a sustained period of time. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including poor financial management, high levels of debt (spending money over time to repay the debt), or heavy losses.
  3. The company has made poor investments that have led to write-downs.
  4. If a company has a negative book value, this might mean that it has a depreciation issue or that it overpaid for investments in the past.
  5. Another reason for a negative book value per share could mean that the company has been investing heavily in intangible assets, such as research and development, or goodwill. These investments can’t be easily sold or liquidated, so they may not be reflected in the book value per share.

A negative book value per share can be a warning sign for investors, as it indicates that the company may be in financial trouble. If you’re considering investing in a company with a negative book value per share, it’s important to do your due diligence to understand the reasons why and to assess whether the company is likely to turn things around.

If the company suffered heavy losses that resulted in having a negative book value per share, what caused the loss? is it a result of poor management? If it is poor management, it means it will still repeat itself again.

Whatever may be the cause, as an investor you must first ask yourself if the company can recover from the loss or can repay the debt, or can it sustain itself if it was caused by poor investment. All these questions must be answered before you invest in a company having a negative book value per share.

While a negative book value per share doesn’t necessarily mean a company is in trouble, it can be a red flag that should be investigated further.

Common misconceptions about book value per share

There are a few common misconceptions about book value per share that investors should be aware of.

  1. Firstly, book value per share does not always equal the intrinsic value of a company. While it is a good starting point for analysis, it is important to remember that a company’s assets may be worth more or less than what is stated on the balance sheet.
  2. Secondly, book value per share can be affected by accounting choices and methods. For example, depreciation methods can have a big impact on book value per share.
  3. Finally, book value per share does not always reflect the market value of a company’s shares. This is because market value is determined by many factors, including earnings, growth potential, and investor sentiment.

Reasons why a negative book value per share may not necessarily be bad

While having a negative book value per share might seem like a bad thing, there are a few reasons why having a negative book value per share isn’t necessarily a bad thing.

  • One reason is that it can simply be due to the accounting method that a company uses. For example, if a company uses the fair value method for its inventory, then the book value per share can be negative even if the company is doing well financially.
  • Another reason why a negative book value per share isn’t necessarily a bad thing is that it can reflect the fact that a company has intangible assets that aren’t reflected on the balance sheet. For example, if a company has developed valuable patents or has strong brand recognition, then these intangible assets can lead to higher profitability even though they don’t show up on the balance sheet.
  • Lastly, a negative book value per share doesn’t mean that the company is in trouble. Some companies use negative book value as a way to show their optimistic view of the future. For example, many technology companies have negative book values because they are investing heavily in growth initiatives that they expect will generate higher profits down the road. The book value per share may be negative, but investors should look at the company’s financial health, its key drivers of profitability, and some market prospect ratios for long-term growth to get a better idea of whether it makes sense to buy its stock.

Financing to deal with a negative book value

If a company’s book value per share is negative, it means that the company’s assets are worth less than its liabilities. This can happen because the company has invested heavily in intangible assets such as goodwill or research and development. If these investments don’t pan out, the company can be left with a negative book value.

There are a few ways to finance a company with a negative book value:

  1. One option is to take on more debt, which may not be ideal if the reason for the negative book value is already too much leverage.
  2. Another option is to issue new equity, which will dilute existing shareholders but can raise new capital.
  3. Finally, a company could sell off some of its tangible assets to raise cash.

The best way to deal with a negative book value will depend on the circumstances of each individual company. In some cases, it may be possible to turn things around and return to a positive book.

A negative book value per share does not necessarily mean it is bad to invest in such a company.

How to avoid negative book value per share

When a company’s book value per share is negative, it means that the company’s liabilities exceed its assets. This situation can arise for a variety of reasons, as stated above, but there are some steps that companies can take to avoid it.

  • One reason that a company might have a negative book value per share is if it has taken on too much debt. To avoid this, companies should be mindful of their debt-to-asset ratio and make sure that they are not taking on more debt than they can handle.
  • Another reason for negative book value per share is if a company has made poor investments that have not paid off. To avoid this, companies should be careful when choosing investments and make sure to do their due diligence.
  • If a company does find itself with a negative book value per share, there are some steps that it can take to improve the situation. The first step is to reduce debt levels by paying off some of the outstanding debt.
  • The second step is to increase assets through reinvesting profits and making new profitable and well-researched investments.

How to make your shares more valuable as a shareholder

If you’re a shareholder, you may be wondering how to make your shares more valuable. One way to do this is by looking at the book value per share.

The book value per share is the equity of a company that would be left over if it were to liquidate its assets and pay off its liabilities. In other words, it’s the net worth of the company divided by the number of shares outstanding.

A company with a negative book value per share is not necessarily in financial trouble. It could be that the company is young and hasn’t had time to build up equity, or it could be that the company has been investing heavily in growth and has yet to see a return on those investments.

However, a company with a persistently low or negative book value per share may be cause for concern. If the book value per share continues to decline, it could eventually lead to financial difficulties for the company.

If you’re a shareholder, you may be interested in how a company’s book value per share has changed over time. One way to get an idea is to look at the 10-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The CAGR calculates the average annual return that investment would have made over a given period of time, as opposed to calculating the return for just one year. As such, it takes into account both positive and negative changes.

For example, a stock with a 5% CAGR over 10 years would have returned roughly 11% each year. In this case, the CAGR can help investors get a better feel for how much the book value of their investment changed from year to year. It also helps to smooth out some of the “noise,” as it were, which is inherent to looking at an individual year or even a few years of data.

Conclusion

There are many reasons why a company may have negative BVPS, it is left for you as an investor to find out why it is so before investing or staying off of the investment. You may miss out on some startups that have high growth prospects simply because you think they have a negative book value per share. Always do your research to find out the reasons why a company has negative BVPS.

Last Updated on November 6, 2023 by Nansel Nanzip Bongdap
Entrepreneur at Financial Falconet | Author's Bio Page

Nansel is a serial entrepreneur and financial expert with 7+ years as a business analyst. He has a liking for marketing which he regards as an important part of business success.
He lives in Plateau State, Nigeria with his wife, Joyce, and daughter, Anael.